Summary of Politics and the English Language free essay sample

In â€Å"Politics and the English Language,† George Orwell argues against the common belief that language grows with and adapts to the changing times, there being nothing any individual can do about it. He explains that the decline of the English language comes from a never ending cycle of foolish thoughts giving way to sloppy writing, which eventually leads to more foolish thoughts. Throughout his essay, Orwell connects with his readers by establishing his credibility, using emotional appeals, and providing logical evidence of how the English language is continuously declining and how writers could slow, and possibly stop, this process. To emphasize the complexity of the rules of writing, Orwell utilizes parallel structure, often interlacing parallel structures to keep the reader on his/her toes and give the body unity. His parallel structures also assist in straying away from repetition of ideas and a monotonous tone. Although Orwell states that â€Å"correct grammar and syntax†¦are of no importance,† one can see that he most definitely attempts to engage his readers through syntax and grammar (109). We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Politics and the English Language or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His back-and-forth writing between his body paragraphs and his self contradiction supports the rule he later introduces: â€Å"Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous† (112). His contradictions of himself may at first leave some readers puzzled, but ultimately establishes the concept that a writer should not be afraid to break conventions to make a point. George Orwell, in paragraph five, goes on to express his disappointment towards writers who lack originality by using common and overused metaphors, implying that they really do not care for what they are writing about what-so-ever. He discusses the common misinterpretations of old metaphors that are still used in today’s works, explaining that if the writer knows it will be misunderstood, he/she should not incorporate the phrase. Orwell continues to express disdain as he explains that several writers no longer use simple verbs, but rather phrases that involve passive voice. He looks down on the elimination of simple conjunctions and prepositions, accusing writers of focusing too much on symmetry and too little on climatic ends of sentences. As Orwell continuous his contemptuous writing in paragraph six, he scolds writers for overusing pretentious diction, saying that they â€Å"are used to dress up simple statements,† â€Å"dignify the sordid processes of international politics,† and â€Å"give an air of culture and elegance† (109). He also expresses his disgust with words that add no particular meaning, like sentimental, natural, or vitality (110). Many political words, Orwell also states, are often used improperly and dishonestly. He explains that overusing pretentious diction and meaningless words only result in sloppy and vague writing, looking down on the lack of originality. In paragraphs 9, 10, and 11, Orwell leads into a translation of â€Å"good English† into â€Å"modern English. † He analyzes the lack of concreteness in the modern English version in comparison to the good English version. He describes modern writing as â€Å"gumming together long strips of words which have already been set in order by someone else, and making the results presentable by sheer humbug† (111). Orwell states that writers choose to save mental effort by using vague and meaningless phrases and words, going back to the quotes he included earlier to prove his point. By the end of paragraph 12, it is very clear that â€Å"ready-made phrases† are not what George Orwell would like to see in any particular passage. In paragraph 13, Orwell states that political writing is bad writing, unless the specific writer is somewhat outside of the box with his/her views. He compares a political speaker to a dummy as he discusses the speaker’s repetition of the same phrases over and over again, the speaker being in a sort of unconsciousness. Orwell goes on in paragraph 14 to describe political speech as a sort of pacification for political issues across the world, even naming a few like British rule in India. He then explains how people, even professors, use unnecessary political speech to ineffectively get their points across. Orwell continues his discussion of the cycle involving thought ruining language and language ruining thought, expressing his concern that what is convenient is not always what is correct. He even claims that the very essay he has written undoubtedly has the simple mistakes he has discussed. Orwell uses a quote from The Allies to prove his point once again, also explaining that the only way to end this abuse of the English language is to be constantly on guard. As Orwell restates his opinion, he poses a counterargument: â€Å"language merely reflects existing social conditions, and that we cannot influence its development by any direct tinkering with words and constructions† (114). However, he produces several solutions to solve the issue directly after the counterargument is stated. Orwell whole-heartedly explains that the world could exterminate itself of the over-used metaphors, ready-made phrases, and filler words easily, it only takes a small group to get rid of them. In paragraph 18, he makes it clear that ending the use of worn out phrases and words has no relevance grammar or syntax. He goes on to restate his point and how it can be avoided. As Orwell comes to a close, he restates basically every main point in his essay, declaring that major attitude change is necessary before the revival of the English language can happen. Orwell explains that he considers â€Å"language as an instrument for expressing and not for concealing or preventing thought† (115). He suggests writers simplify their works to steer clear of stupid and meaningless remarks. In his conclusion, Orwell urges writers not to change everything at once, but to change one aspect at a time, and to work hard enough to rid the English language of the useless, ready-made phrases that writers so often resort to.

Gender Equality Essays

Gender Equality Essays Gender Equality Essay Gender Equality Essay Workplace In the United States, more than half of the employees in most companies are women. In 40% of families, a woman is the primary source of income. Women, on average, receive more college degrees than men (37% of women have Bachelors degrees compared to 34% of men). Despite all of this, women still somehow earn significantly less than men yearly. In 2013, for every dollar a man made, a woman only earned 77 cents. The wage gap between men and women has barely changed since the 1 sass. According to research, if change continues at the same slow pace as it has done for the past fifty years, it will take almost fifty years-?or until 2058-?for women to finally reach pay parity (Pay Equity and Discrimination). Therefore, the setback is not that females are not educated; the problem enters when parents try to balance work and family, and women usually end up carrying nearly all of the careening responsibilities (Britton, Gender Inequality and Women in the Workplace). Many organizations concerning gender inequality have been founded in order o raise awareness of this ongoing problem. The largest and probably most impacting organization is called He-For-She. This group uses successful people with powerful voices (such as actors/actresses, musicians, etc. ) to bring the problem of gender inequality into the limelight. There are many other associations dealing with gender equality, but none has been as successful as this one. None of the organizations have washed out the entire issue, but they have brought more attention to it. Teenagers are now standing up for heir equality and rights on social media because of these movements for justice. Emma Watson speech for He-For-She acknowledged that the progress toward men and women getting paid the same is moving slowly, but at least its moving. The problem hasnt been solved because it is a large, ongoing dilemma that involves half of the citizens in the Unites States of America. It is almost impossible for one person to come in and somehow make every person, male and female, get paid equally. It is a long process that has recently begun to move in a positive direction faster than it ever has. : If men and women of every age continue to stand up for their equal rights and join the movement organizations like He-For-She and The Institute of Womens Policy Research have started, the problem will continue gaining recognition. As the problem gains awareness, more and more people will start doing something about it. If influential people and teenagers continue joining the movement towards feminism (the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes), the issue of unequal pay in the workplace will be brought to an end sooner than predicted.

Causes of World War I Essay -- World History

Beginning in 1870, military powers of Europe gradually began to increase. Countries began to make use of innovative war armaments, as well as expand armies and lengthen service periods. For instance, Germany increased its army size to 170,000 men, France extended military service requirements from 2 to 3 years, and Russia extended requirements f... Causes of World War I Essay -- World History The assassination of Franz Ferdinand and his wife was definitely the most significant cause of the calamity that is World War I. Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro- Hungarian throne, was simply visiting Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Unfortunately, a secret Serbian society known as the Black Hand awaited the Archduke’s arrival. This nationalist group targeted Ferdinand due to the feeling amongst Serbians that once appointed to the throne; Ferdinand would uphold the persecution of Serbs inhabiting the borders of the Austro- Hungarian Empire. Gavrilo Princip was one of eight members of the Black Hand chosen to execute Franz Ferdinand. Unloading two shots, Princip had assassinated both Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie. Seized by the police, he was beaten and put into prison, and there he died. The shots of this young man echoed all over the world to initiate the explosion of World War I. Following the assassination, Austria- Hungary was ready to declare war on Serbia, whom they believed was responsible for the death of Ferdinand. Without the support of Germany, Austria- Hungary probably would not have attacked itory. Germany was left weak in every aspect. The people of Germany were left emotionally disconnected, which was why Adolf Hitler was able to easily preach his ideas. The unjust treatment towards Germany was a cause of World War II. This was something far worse than World War I, which was unimaginable at the time. In conclusion, World War I was a global disaster that disrupted the peace in many different areas. Along with nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the alliance system, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was a cause that sparked the horrific event of World War I. With the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente were two opposing groups, and two specific clashing forces were Germany and Russia. Although an attempt to spread harmony throughout Europe was made, all it did was cause a much greater threat to the peace around the world.

Three theories for a better life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Three theories for a better life - Essay Example Thus, it is important that we know â€Å"ourselves†, our failings, our tendencies and our weaknesses so that we may guard ourselves from it and prevent ourselves from veering away from virtuousness. We can take for an example an honest family man who makes a living for his family. He may toil with integrity under normal situation, but when a crisis like losing a job will set in, he may be faced with a dilemma that would reveal his weakness and change his disposition (honesty). He may be tempted to commit fraud when presented the opportunity just to provide for his family. This is a common dilemma that confronts many â€Å"honest† people which made them less virtuous because it hit their unguarded weaknesses such as theirlove and duty for their family that held them hostage to do things that they do not like. 3) (a) State and explain the meaning of the second version of Kant's categorical imperative. (b) what are the ethical implications of this  imperative; [c] provid e a somewhat detailed analysis of an ethically relevant problem or situation, different from those discussed in the  readings or in class, that can be illuminated through this imperative. To effectively explain Kant’s second version of categorical imperative, it would be necessary to understand what Kant meant by categorical imperative. According to Kant, imperatives imply what they meant which are command such as â€Å"wake up early†. Often they are hypothetical imperative because they only serve a specific objective or purpose such as â€Å"wake up early so you will not be later for work. This imperative or command becomes categorical when it is applied... To effectively explain Kant’s second version of categorical imperative, it would be necessary to understand what Kant meant by categorical imperative. According to Kant, imperatives imply what they meant which are command such as â€Å"wake up early†. Often they are hypothetical imperative because they only serve a specific objective or purpose such as â€Å"wake up early so you will not be later for work. This imperative or command becomes categorical when it is applied universally and that the actions and decisions of individuals are to be judged solely by their motivations and that the consequences do not matter morally (as in the case of hypothetical imperative) neither the intended consequences nor the actual consequences matter morally; only the principle or rule we follow if we do the action matters morally. Thus actions themselves become an end and this action should be a rational result in the exercise of freewill. Consistent to this, Kant’s second impe rative states that every person has the duty to use and exercise his goodness/humanity as a means to an end. The application of this second formulation of Kant’s categorical imperative is best illustrated in slave ownership. A slave owner may assert his right to own a property which in this case is a slave. While ownership by itself is not immoral, slave ownership becomes unethical or immoral according to Kant’s second imperative because it deprives a person of his free rational action and that persons can never be a mere means to an end.

How and Why Starbucks Is Affected By both Internal and External Essay

How and Why Starbucks Is Affected By both Internal and External Challenges - Essay Example This paper illustrates that increased globalization and trade liberalization of markets has resulted in the facilitated growth of international business. However, together with opportunities for increased revenues and new markets’ potential, many firms have faced with a challenge of managing organizational behavior in different environments. Organizations, especially those that operate in multiple regions or continents are continuously exposed to divergent legal, political and socio-cultural environments. One of the great examples of such organizations is Starbucks Corporation. Starbucks is a leading multinational corporation operating in the specialist coffee retailing sector. Its values share in the world coffee shops category has reached 0.7% in 2013. While the company’s largest business unity is in the US (63% of sales), it has managed to establish a substantial international presence. The company pursues a strategy of global business expansion. As the company opera tes in numerous international markets it faces with various external factors that influence the company’s strategy and operations. In order to overcome all these challenges and other difficulties, it is vital for a business organization to have efficient and appropriate organizational structure. The company has implemented a functional organizational structure and combined it with a divisional approach, whereas organizational structure is comprised of various departments and divisions that are responsible for performing different functions. After Howard Shultz, the founder of the Starbucks returned to the organization as the CEO in 2008, he has introduced some transformational changes to the organizational structure. The company has decreased the number of partners and the number of existing positions, and also reduced its workforce. Furthermore, in 2012, the company has redefined its organizational structure of retail business focusing on geographic principle and identifying three-region structures: Americas (US, Latin America, and Canada), China/Asia Pacific, and Europe, Middle East and Africa. Thus, the company has supplemented its structure with geographically based divisional structure design.

Etanercept Essay Example for Free

Etanercept Essay Although it is known that etanercept is a recombinant human soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF? ) receptor fusion protein that decreases its role in disorders that involves excess inflammation in animals, mainly in humans, including autoimmune diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, hepatitis C, rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, it obviously shows that the effect of this fusion protein depends on the genes of the patient relative to his or her reaction to this protein. Citing the 60 year old male patient who was involved of being treated with etanercept, again, it manifests that there are different cases for different sets of specimens. Presumably, it is not wise to jump to conclusions that etanercept is not that beneficial in treating psoriasis or hepatitis C or both. One must take into consideration the genial pattern of the patient. Furthermore, etanercept is protein, which as we all know, comprises the basic genial structure of each cell of the body. In order for such protein to react or perform smoothly and beneficially, the subject should be focused more on protein â€Å"match-up† rather than citing several cases from the past or other occurrences involving etanercept.

The Character of Falstaff in Shakespeares Henry IV, Part I Essay

The Character of Falstaff in Henry IV, Part I      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare's genius in character and plot development is exemplified in two of his most complex history plays, Richard II and Henry IV, Part I. With these sequential plays, Shakespeare vividly develops characters and sets up complicated plots by juxtapositioning people with others. Specifically, he first creates a binary opposition between Richard and Bolingbrook in Richard II, and then, recalls the plot and carries out an almost mirror image character contrast with Hal and Hotspur in Henry IV, Part I. However, in typical Shakespeare fashion, the seemingly mirror-image binaries of Richard/Bolingbrook and Hal/Hotspur break down with Shakespeare's character complexity.    A major reason why these character parallels do not perfectly hold up is because of the marvelous character of Falstaff. Absent from Richard II, Falstaff is introduced in Henry IV to create intricacy and ambiguity regarding likenesses among these characters. Falstaff significantly complicates the Hotspur-is-to-Bolingbrook-as-Hal-is-to-Richard II assumption because Falstaff has so much in common with the King. Therefore, as opposed to Hotspur's becoming the Bolingbrook persona, it is the drunken and disorderly Falstaff who becomes the character most parallel to the King. However, the King associates himself with Hotspur, who, as his name suggests, is a relentless warrior. The King puts forth a sense that Hotspur will act as Bolingbrook did in Richard II, by challenging the Prince's right to the throne; he feels that Bolingbrook's rivalry with Richard is reflected in Hotspur's position as Hal's challenger.    In the first scene of Henry IV, Part I, King Henry immediately ... ...tspur seems unfitting. Adding complexity to characterization through his comical action, Falstaff is a crucial character in Henry IV, Part I, and it is through the character of Falstaff that we see the parallel between Hotspur and Bolingbrook breaks down.    Works Cited and Consulted Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. H.C. Robinson's Memoranda Henry IV, Signet Classic, pp. 236-237. Goldman, Michael. Shakespeare and the Energies of Drama Henry IV, Signet Classic, pp. 260-261. Johnson, Samuel. The Plays of William Shakespeare Henry IV, Signet Classic, pp.234- 235. Kahn, Coppelia. Man's Estate: Masculine Identity in Shakespeare Henry IV, Signet Classic, pp.262-266. Shakespeare, William. Henry IV, Part I, ed. M.A. Shaaber, Penguin Books (NY: 1985). Wilson, John Dover. The Fortunes of Falstaff Henry IV, Signet Classic, pp.238-243.   

Children Reading Essay

â€Å"Children are not reading as much as they should presents danger† As Mr. Russell states, children not reading presents a risk in terms of their learning abilities. I believe Mr. Russell is correct. When children do not read enough, their development of creativity, attention span, imagination and vocabulary are not as developed as they should be. Overall they fail to develop to their full potential because reading comprehension strengthens our brain by making it active. When children’s brains are not at their fullest potential when they get older, it could lead to a lot of problems. They can receive poor grades, have a difficult time when completing assignments, have a low self-esteem and behavior problems, become shy and get easily frustrated. If a whole generation of children grew up to have these issues, it could lead to many problems in society as a whole. â€Å"A book requires that we think, and that is the great adventure to reading.† When we read a book, it forces us to use or brains. It requires us to take every element in the story such as the characters, plot and setting and putting them together to create a theme. Putting together these elements enhances our creativity and forces us to use our intelligence. While reading a book one imagines in their mind what is going on with the story. This visual then enhances our creativity. It also forces us to use our intelligence. The vocabulary and solutions to the problems makes us think. Personally, I think one of the best things about reading something that you enjoy is the adventure that you have while reading. I forget about my everyday issues and enter into a world where my mind can just explore a whole other world that I cannot physically experience myself. The combination of these aspects makes reading an exciting experience.

Muslim Article

The New York Times article â€Å"Congressman Criticizes Election of Muslim† (Swarns 2006) reported on the criticism made by Virginia's Republican Congressman Virgil H. Goode Jr. on the recent election of Minnesota Representative Keith Ellison. According to Rep. Goode Jr., the election of Keith, a Democrat and the first-ever Muslim to sit in the United States Congress, is a grave threat to traditional American values. Goode's warning, contained in a letter addressed to his Virginia constituents dated Dec. 5, 2006, asked Americans to â€Å"wake up† or face the likelihood of more Muslim elected officials that would demand â€Å"use of the Koran†.He also called for the adoption of stringent immigration policies as a step towards the preservation both of this country's beliefs and values and resources. Ellison, a former criminal lawyer and a convert to Islam, has planned to use the Muslim bible in January during his private swearing-in. Goode's comments elicited criti cisms of bigotry and intolerance from some Democrats in Congress and from Muslim Americans as they pointed out that the official swearing in of officials, in contrast to private swearing in,   do not use religious texts. For his part, Ellison pointed out that he is no immigrant, saying that he's an African-American whose roots goes â€Å"back to 1742†. He also said he is a politician and not a religious scholar such that Goode has â€Å"nothing to fear†.This article of the New York Times gave a rather fair coverage as it observed the journalistic standard of presenting both sides of an issue. The article gave space to both Goode's and Ellison's statements and counter-statements, attempting to do so from an objective viewpoint. As for the issue of Islam or being Muslim depicted by the story itself, there are obviously two conflicting sides, two opposing viewpoints. The side of Rep. Goode adopts the position that Islam in the country, or at least the practices of Islam (as the use of Koran, instead of the Christian Bible in swearing-in), poses a considerable threat to traditional American culture. He even insinuated that Muslims, along with other immigrants, are a burden to the United States. On the other, the coverage of Ellison and his sympathizers show that Muslim Americans, who could be good citizens, are welcome in this country. U.S. Congressman Criticizes Election of Muslim By RACHEL L. SWARNSPublished: December 21, 2006WASHINGTON, Dec. 20 — In a letter sent to hundreds of voters this month, Representative Virgil H. Goode Jr., Republican of Virginia, warned that the recent election of the first Muslim to Congress posed a serious threat to the nation’s traditional values.Skip to next paragraphRepresentative Virgil H. Goode Jr., left, said Keith Ellison’s decision to use a Koran in a private swearing in for the House of Representatives was a mistake.Mr. Goode was referring to Keith Ellison, the Minnesota Democrat and criminal defense lawyer who converted to Islam as a college student and was elected to the House in November. Mr. Ellison’s plan to use the Koran during his private swearing-in ceremony in January had outraged some Virginia voters, prompting Mr. Goode to issue a written response to them, a spokesman for Mr. Goode said.In his letter, which was dated Dec. 5, Mr. Goode sa id that Americans needed to â€Å"wake up† or else there would â€Å"likely be many more Muslims elected to office and demanding the use of the Koran.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I fear that in the next century we will have many more Muslims in the United States if we do not adopt the strict immigration policies that I believe are necessary to preserve the values and beliefs traditional to the United States of America and to prevent our resources from being swamped,† said Mr. Goode, who vowed to use the Bible when taking his own oath of office.Mr. Goode declined Wednesday to comment on his letter, which quickly stirred a furor among some Congressional Democrats and Muslim Americans, who accused him of bigotry and intolerance.They noted that the Constitution specifically bars any religious screening of members of Congress and that the actual swearing in of those lawmakers occurs without any religious texts. The use of the Bible or Koran occurs only in private ceremonial events that ta ke place after lawmakers have officially sworn to uphold the Constitution.Mr. Ellison dismissed Mr. Goode’s comments, saying they seemed ill informed about his personal origins as well as about Constitutional protections of religious freedom. â€Å"I’m not an immigrant,† added Mr. Ellison, who traces his American ancestors back to 1742. â€Å"I’m an African-American.†Since the November election, Mr. Ellison said, he has received hostile phone calls and e-mail messages along with some death threats. But in an interview on Wednesday, he emphasized that members of Congress and ordinary citizens had been overwhelmingly supportive and said he was focusing on setting up his Congressional office, getting phone lines hooked up and staff members hired, not on negative comments.â€Å"I’m not a religious scholar, I’m a politician, and I do what politicians do, which is hopefully pass legislation to help the nation,† said Mr. Ellison, who said he planned to focus on secular issues like increasing the federal minimum wage and getting health insurance for the uninsured.â€Å"I’m looking forward to making friends with Representative Goode, or at least getting to know him,† Mr. Ellison said, speaking by telephone from Minneapolis. â€Å"I want to let him know that there’s nothing to fear. The fact that there are many different faiths, many different colors and many different cultures in America is a great strength.†In Washington, Brendan Daly, a spokesman for the incoming House speaker, Nancy Pelosi of California, called Mr. Goode’s letter â€Å"offensive.† Corey Saylor, legislative director for the Council on American-Islamic Relations, criticized what he described as Mr. Goode’s â€Å"message of intolerance.†Representative Bill Pascrell Jr., Democrat of New Jersey, urged Mr. Goode to reach out to Muslims in Virginia and learn â€Å"to dispel misconceptions instea d of promoting them.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Keith Ellison serves as a great example of Muslim Americans in our nation, and he does not have to answer to you, to me or anyone else in regards to questions about his faith,† said Mr. Pascrell, whose district includes many Arab-Americans.The fracas over Mr. Ellison’s decision to use the Koran during his personal swearing-in ceremony began last month when Dennis Prager, a conservative columnist and radio host, condemned the decision as one that would undermine American civilization.â€Å"Ellison’s doing so will embolden Islamic extremists and make new ones, as Islamists, rightly or wrongly, see the first sign of the realization of their greatest goal — the Islamicization of America,† said Mr. Prager, who said the Bible was the only relevant religious text in the United States.â€Å"If you are incapable of taking an oath on that book, don’t serve in Congress,† Mr. Prager said.In his letter, Mr. Goode e choed that view, saying that he did not â€Å"subscribe to using the Koran in any way.† He also called for ending illegal immigration and reducing legal immigration.Linwood Duncan, a spokesman for Mr. Goode, said the Virginia lawmaker had no intention of backing down, despite the furor.â€Å"He stands by the letter,† Mr. Duncan said. â€Å"He has no intention of apologizing.†

How does Charlotte Bronte create sympathy for Jane in the first two chapters Essay Example

How does Charlotte Bronte create sympathy for Jane in the first two chapters Essay Example How does Charlotte Bronte create sympathy for Jane in the first two chapters Essay How does Charlotte Bronte create sympathy for Jane in the first two chapters Essay Essay Topic: Charlotte Temple House Of Mirth Literature Charlotte Bronte takes her reader on an emotional journey through the life of her eponymous heroine – Jane Eyre. Through this journey the reader learns all about Jane’s distressing experiences and elated peaks, making the reader develop sympathy and empathy for her. Bronte sets out her story using a first person narrative of Jane speaking through a retrospective voice. The first person narrative enables us to connect with Jane and understand all the elements of Jane’s character whilst looking back from her fears of childhood to her love for the mysterious, sardonic Mr Rochester. Bronte opens her novel ‘Jane Eyre’ and already you can identify the realistic element. Bronte uses three categories that base around ‘Jane Eyre’; Realistic, gothic and romantic to show all the different sides of Jane’s journey and to encourage us to feel connected to Jane. When reading chapter one and two of Bronte’s novel we begin to understand Jane’s position in the Reeds family life style. Although family (Mrs. Reed being Jane’s aunt) she is regarded as an animal not one of them. Aunt Reed (and her children) has been told to look after Jane by her husband before he died although Mrs. Reed doesn’t keep this wish entirely fulfilled and excludes Jane from their family. Jane however seems to understand Mrs. Reed’s actions and thinks of it as a normal situation â€Å"the consciousness of my physical inferiority† Bronte begins by exploring the realistic element of Jane’s life. Bronte creates an atmosphere and vivid setting detailed and precisely delivered through Jane’s first person narrative voice. Jane shares with us a retrospective view on her past occasionally bringing us back into reality by using Jane’s older narrative voice. Bronte includes direct speech this also creates the realistic atmosphere that Jane is only aware she is surrounded in. Jane tells us of how she use to enjoy reading books and how for them moments she was happy in her own way. As she tells us in a realistic view a happy atmosphere is produced. We begin to feel connected emotionally to this little girl who goes on with being abused by her family as we are about to find out. John Reed enters, tearing down the happy atmosphere and replacing it with a cold and aggressive surrounding. â€Å"Boh! Madame Mope! Jane expresses to the reader just how much she feared her cousin, John Reed as a child â€Å"every nerve in my body feared him† As Charlotte Bronte builds up the suspension we begin to see the next category, gothic. John Reed is described by Jane Eyre as â€Å"not quick either of vision or conception† She is furious with him, how can he behave so ignorant and still be â€Å"my little darling† as Mrs Reed called him. Jane sets a clear image of her cousin in a gross manner, going into deep description of John Reed. Jane is constantly abused by John Reed which usually she endured. He bullied and punished me† John intentionally hurts Jane on this particular day by pre planning to hurtle a book towards her however Jane gets blamed as always due to her burst of passionate behaviour â€Å"wicked cruel boy† She yelled. For this she is punished by being sent to the ghostly red room. Bronte very cleverly used the colour red to associate with this horrible room where she gets locked away when she’s naughty. Using the term ‘red room’ makes us think of all the things linked to the colour red for example danger. Chapter one ends on a cliff hanger making us even more eager to carry on to chapter two. Jane is thrown into the red room on an unfair sentence and although she is a part of their family she is still thought as inferior. â€Å"You are less than a servant† abbot the maid tells Jane. The red room is â€Å"the largest and stateliest chambers† which makes it all the scarier for Jane. Her surroundings are all very dark and red. She describes the bed with massive mahogany pillars supporting it, red draped curtains and a vibrant white bed cover. The bed â€Å"stood out like a tabernacle† this makes Jane and the reader at once feel like Jane is the victim that is going to be sacrificed. Bronte uses a repetitive description of the atmosphere of the red room. â€Å"This room was chill, because it seldom had a fire; it was silent, because remote from the nursery and kitchen; solemn, because it was known to be seldom entered† this makes it more tense and thrilling. Her uncle – Mr Reed – died in this room that makes it so much more cold and scary as Jane thinks his ghost may come down to fetch her. Jane is a tiny object standing in the middle of a cold dark room with high wardrobes and drawers. However Jane is still not scared yet, she is angry. Her passionate side overruling her innocent side, Jane is resentful towards her cousins. However as her surroundings break through and she begins to feel scared se starts to believe that she is a wicked cruel and passionate girl. A she is sitting down on the stool she sees a white light appear on the wall rising and finally settling above her head. From and older Jane’s point of view she explains how it was really a gardener carrying a light (the realistic element) however Jane at ten years old is a very superstitious scared girl â€Å"prepared as my mind was for horror†, so when she sees the light appear she believes it’s her uncle that has come back to haunt her and take her away. Even though beforehand Jane’s older narrative explained to us what really happened we can’t help but still feel as scared and sorry for this little girl. Although she does scream and help does come however with the worst possible outcome. â€Å"What is all this† Mrs Reed says peremptorily. Bronte used pathetic fallacy to describe Mrs Reed â€Å"her gown rustling stormily† which conveys an exaggerated image to show Mrs Reeds personality as a first impression. Mrs Reed does not believe the story Jane tells her about the ghost, and locks Jane in the Red Room for another hour, this creates sympathy for Jane as we discover Mrs Reed’s character and we are immediately turned against her and sympathising with Jane for her bad treatment. The romantic category input in chapters one and two, is the passionate angry side of Jane. She is constantly stated an outcast in Mrs Reeds and the rest of her company – â€Å"you are less than a servant†. This makes Jane a target for all unnecessarily harsh comments lowering her self confidence and replacing it with anger and passion to fight back, however little she may seem. Jane being mistreated and constantly named in different categories for example – ‘Mad cat’ and thought to have â€Å"virulent passions† this leads her own mind to start thinking that she is a cruel and passionate girl, making her act in that way. After along time of enduring John reeds harsh lashings she breaks out, and as soon as that happens we feel instantly happy for her. Although she is to blame as she starts furiously kicking back as John hits her. â€Å"Did you ever see such a picture of passion† Mrs Abbot cries as she has to hold Jane down due to her loud eruption. When the apothecary comes to see Jane as she is ill, he advises Mrs Reed to take her to a school, which she accepts and applies Jane at Lowood school. Mr Brocklehurst, who is master of the school, comes to see Jane. This is another character Bronte uses to intertwine with Jane’s life and makes us develop sympathy. Bronte uses descriptive writing to engage with Jane’s feelings as a little girl. She describes him as a pillar with harsh features, this immediately indicates that he is not a good acquaintance to Jane, before he has even spoke. Jane when entering the room where Mr. Brocklehurst is talking to Mrs Reed is immediately interrogated; he already is forcing a Christian belief on Jane, and questioning her of her knowledge of ‘good little girls’ Mr Brocklehurst after accounting Mrs Reed claims that Jane has a ‘wicked heart. ’ Mrs Reed ruins all hope for Jane before she even sets out to Lowood, this makes us slightly scared about what she will face at Lowood. When Jane was due to leave for Lowood, she did. It is winter when she leaves and still dark, this builds up the tension about what will face her at Lowood, however we are pleased for her to leave Gateshead. Jane arrives at Lowood late in the night and is met by Miss Temple. Miss Temple is affectionate towards – touching her cheek, considering Bronte is using a retrospective technique it shows how much Jane remembers that first sign of affection. The following morning during lessons, Mr Brocklehurst visits to scrutinize the girls. Jane is trying her best to make her completely invisible, but however she displaces her chalk board and making a loud noise she is no longer invisible, â€Å"a careless girl! † she is placed on a stool in front of the whole assemblage, â€Å"this girl is – a liar! † she feels humiliated as she is punished for no one to speak to her, this makes the reader feel sympathy as we feel Mr Brocklehurst has completely alienated Jane. However Jane is not completely alienated and befriends a girl, Helen Burns. Helen encourages Jane not to be so passionate and to accept and endure the punishment that is dealt to her. She teaches Jane valuable lessons, about how Jane must change her passionate nature and replace it with a peaceful mind. She tells Jane about God and Jane is intrigued by Helens dignity. We are glad for Jane as she finds company and as well as Helen she has Miss Temple who acts like a mother figure to them both. â€Å"I would not now have exchanged Lowood with all its privations, for Gateshead and its daily luxuries† this shows how she Jane is happy at Lowood and we feel a sense of relief for her. However as her happiness grows, an outbreak of sickness (typhus) falls upon Lowood infecting a majority of the girls. Helen is taken ill; Jane is very distressed during the vacation of her friend. Time passes and after weeks of not seeing Helen, Jane is desperate to see her. Placing her dress over her night clothes she sets out to find Helen. Helen is in Miss Temples room, as being the most serious case. Jane creeps in and stands by Helens sick-crib. When Jane awakens Helen she seems placid and not in pain, and very happy to see Jane. Helen talks of her last home and how Jane must bid her goodbye; the reader at this moment is feeling sympathy for Jane as she lies by her friend, tension build as they talk peacefully. She seems dearer to me than ever† this expresses how Jane nurtures Helen at this point and can feel her becoming vulnerable in front of her. They are very affectionate towards each other which show how their relationship has developed. After talking of Helens future to God, Jane nestles beside Helen and they fall asleep. Jane awakes to find herself being carried by someone away from Helen as she is set down into her own dormitory she realises â€Å"I was asleep and Helen was – dead. † The short pause between was and dead emphasises the mood of Jane as she remembers this, still hurt by her friend dying there in her arms. We feel overwhelming sympathy for Jane at this moment as she has lost her first friend. However Jane still remembers what Helen taught her; to be humble, patient, forgiving and to hide her temper. We can see these teachings later throughout the novel. After Helen dies, there is a time gap of eight years. This shows how much Helens death has affected Jane – â€Å"I now pass a space of eight years in silence† the silence emphasises her grieving process towards her friend. Jane is now eighteen and is still at Lowood, however has moved on and has become a teacher. She is still very close with Miss Temple however; after miss temple leaves to get married she becomes lonely and decided to apply for a job as a governess. She eventually gets a reply asking her to teach a little French girl, called Adele. She sets of to Thornfield which is where her placement as a governess is. When she arrives at Thornfield she is met by Miss Fairfax (the house keeper) and the following morning meets Adele. Mrs Fairfax gives her a tour of Thornfield and whilst looking around hears an odd laugh that’s mirthless and preternatural, she asks Miss Fairfax what the noise is and she simply Sais it is Grace Poole a servant. However as time passes in Thornfield she continues to here the eccentric cackle. October, November and December passed, she decided on one particular day to go for a walk and send a letter for Mrs Fairfax. Bronte uses techniques such as pathetic fallacy to build up tension, â€Å"the ground was hard, the air was still, my road was lonely† the way Bronte uses theses three short statements creates the whole atmosphere surrounding Jane and emphasises the statements more. The path she is walking on is completely desolate, all the wildlife has stopped still over winter, so as she walks alone through the soundless path we begin to feel tension. She sits down for a while whilst she collects herself, there is a sheet of ice covering the causeway and she describes her view of the sun balancing in front of the sky. She suddenly hears a horse making its way towards the causeway where she sits. Her retrospective voice enters the gothic situation â€Å"in those days I was young, and all sorts of fancies bright and dark tenated my mind† she has certain recalls of her childhood, which shows how much impact the Reed family had on her. She continues to hear the horse and hear rustlings near the path before a huge dog is in sight and passes Jane; behind it is a horse with a rider on its back. As Jane is leaving the horse and rider slip on the ice, she turns to them and walks over. The traveller is not a pleasant man as Jane find out and declares that Jane is a witch. However Jane continues to help him ignoring the rude temperament of the traveller. She tells the reader how if he’d been a handsome young man she would of never had dared to stand questioning him against his own will. Although the traveller is past youth and is not handsome, this usually puts Jane at ease. This indicates how Jane is used to bad tempered people and prefers being around them she has only known people with that nature. After they have conversation about Jane’s position and where she comes from, he mounts his house and rides away. When she walks on she questions her acquaintance with the mysterious traveller, â€Å"it was an incident of no moment, no romance, no interest in sense; yet it marked with change one single hour of a monotonous life† she feels excited by the stranger and likes how it has changed her feelings of her ‘monotonous life. ’ After her walks event she doesn’t want to re-enter Thornfield, this shows how much the little conversation changed her usual quite life. When she does enter Thornfield she is astonished to find the same dog from the causeway in the kitchen, she realises that the traveller was in fact Mr Rochester. Mr Rochester and Jane develop a good relationship over time, he often calls for her as company and they go on walks together around the building. One night Jane hears the strange devious laugh outside her door, she opens her door expecting pilot however there is no one there. This builds up tension as we wonder what will happen next. She sees a chain of smoke coming from Mr Rochester’s room and runs there quickly; Jane acts quickly and after pouring water over the fire and Mr Rochester, he awakens. â€Å"I knew you would do me good in some way, at some time; I saw it in your eyes when I first beheld you† Mr Rochester starts to show first signs of affection towards Jane. She recalls how he touched her hand and how she felt so overwhelmed, it is at that moment where we can begin to see the start of her love for Mr Rochester. We as the reader are so pleased for Jane at this moment however like always she is interrupted. When going down to breakfast the following morning she is told that Mr Rochester has left to visit Blanche Ingram – who he is looking to be his wife. However Mr Rochester does return, but with company. Blanche Ingram and others come to stay at Thornfield Hall; there are parties and entertainment most nights which Jane must attend to look after Adele. We feel immediate sympathy for Jane as she is constantly judged by the guests making her feel that her love for Mr Rochester is totally irrelevant and ridiculous as she is in a whole other class, however she is still forced upon seeing Mr Rochester and Blanche together. As time passes and Mr Rochester’s guest are still accommodated at Thornfield a strange guest arrives, on arrival Mr Rochester is already very concerned and in distress at his appearance. During the night Mr Rochester comes to Jane’s door and requests that she come and nurse for Mason who has after gone to bed has been bitten and attacked by to Jane some sort of monster. â€Å"She sucked the blood: she said she’d drain my heart,† Jane has to sit and nurse Mason on her own whilst Mr Rochester goes out in search for a doctor. I think this shows Jane’s courage to sit through with someone who has been attacked by a ‘monster’ in the next room. Mr Mason leaves the following morning, early; parties carry on as before at Thornfield. Jane receives a letter from Bessie to ask her to come back to see Mrs Reed as she has called for her as she is very ill. After Mr Rochester’s approval, Jane takes a carriage and arrives at Gateshead to see her Aunt. She talks to Mrs Reed who explains to her why she has hated Jane so much, Jane endures this and stays calm pushing down her passionate nature. A month passes – when Mrs Reed dies. Jane returns to Thornfield expecting her time there short due to the marriage of Mr Rochester and Blanche Ingram however she witnesses no meetings of the two, and notices how Mr Rochester calls for Jane often to accompany him. â€Å"never had I loved him so well† Jane is still in love with Mr Rochester but thinks that he does not love her back we feel sympathy for Jane here as she sits back and lets the ‘marriage’ continue, regardless of her love for Mr Rochester. One evening Jane takes a walk around Thornfield, Bronte once again uses pathetic fallacy to reflect Jane’s mood. Jane is admiring the garden when Mr Rochester’s comes out and joins her. Jane is not totally secure with being with Mr Rochester so soon near the date of his wedding. Mr Rochester is constantly testing Jane trying to see if he loves her back as we find out later on. Jane wishes to leave Thornfield when Blanche and Mr Rochester are married, so he tells Jane how he has found a place for her in Ireland. When he asks her why she rejects the offer she says unwillingly â€Å"from you, sir† this is the small outbreak where Jane expresses her feeling to Mr Rochester. We begin to feel tension again as Bronte builds up to Jane’s main outburst. Jane tells Mr Rochester how much she loves Thornfield – how she is not â€Å"buried with inferior minds† Mr Rochester has treated her like anyone else. Bronte uses rhetorical questions in Jane’s speech to add impact to her burst of passion and how she has become more powerful in speaking her mind towards her master. As Jane becomes more and more powerful Mr Rochester starts to become more and more weak he lets out he asks her to come to his side as is wife. Jane accepts the proposal and is overjoyed with the arrangement; they are to get married as soon as possible. Bronte uses pathetic fallacy to add tension to the unknown future in front of them as that night there is a storm, a strong overpowering storm. The storm strikes the tree they were seated at in half, I think this is to emphasise their choice’s made to marry, and to reflect that something bad will happen. Jane stands as independent women towards Mr Rochester due to his difference in nature towards Jane after they agree to marry. He wants to dress her in rich dresses and race her to an image Jane is not comfortable with. Jane declares that she wants to be independent she will carry on working for Mr Rochester after they marry and the money he gives her will be the money she will use to buy herself the necessities. She wants to be totally equal with him, however she does agree for him to buy the wedding dress and veil. After buying the wedding dress and veil, Mr Rochester leaves on horse, whilst Mr Rochester is vacant Jane sees something in her sleep, she tells Mr Rochester that was someone was in her room.

The Effect the Outdoor Enviroment Has on Childrens Knowledge and Literature review

The Effect the Outdoor Enviroment Has on Childrens Knowledge and Understanding of the World - Literature review Example Through exploration, they also understand how change comes about. They also learn to understand patterns, similarities, as well as differences and how things work the way they do (Ouvry, 2003). In understanding the world, designing and making are essential elements. By designing and making, they learn the construction process and tools involved, including the techniques which are needed in order to build or assemble something (Bilton, 2010). Understanding the world also includes the use of computer technology, learning how to use such technologies including the programmable toys which can support their learning process (Fairfield Children’s Centre, 2011). In relation to time, it is a unit of measurement which helps children understand the world, their past, their present, and their future. Place is also an aspect of their understanding of the world as children become more aware of the natural world and their localities, their communities, and what they may like or dislike abou t their environment (Fairfield Children’s Centre, 2011). Through their communities, children get a larger understanding of the world, especially as they find out about their culture, and the culture of others. Through their interactions with communities, they also learn to understand the similarities and differences in culture, beliefs, traditions, as well as practices. These elements all contribute to the children’s understanding of the world. According to Ouvry (2003) children learn to understand the world as they start to explore it, and such explorations are often best left to the children, allowing them to make their own discoveries and develop their personal... This report focuses on the conditions of children's learning and growing. Children learn fast and effectively by doing, by using their hands and their senses to explore and understand their environment. Their progress and development in the future is based on innovation and creativeness. It is therefore crucial for children to be armed with significant and lifelong learning tools, as well as attitudes. In continuing to understand the world, it is important for children to be encouraged in their curiosity, to be assisted as they explore their ideas, and to be encouraged to try things out even if they may not work out well. The knowledge and understanding of the world is based on various elements. One of these elements relate to exploration and investigation This paper makes a conclusion that the above literature indicates the relationship between the outside world and the children’s learning. The studies highlight the importance of allowing children to interact with the outdoors as it helps them acquire skills, knowledge, behaviour, and attitudes which can they can use in better understanding the world. Through outdoor plays and environmental interactions, they are able to gain a better understanding of their classroom instructions, applying theoretical concepts to the real world and on real time. What results is an engaged, dynamic, and diverse learning atmosphere for children who are able to understand and appreciate the world outside their classrooms.

Drug use in college students Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drug use in college students - Assignment Example There are many dependent variables out of which, level of drug use is explained here. Level of drug use can be described as usage level of illegal drugs by the students whether they are using the drugs by habit or as per social constraints (Riley, 2012). The level of drug use has many possible attributes such as intensity of consumption of drugs resulting in falling health, which also affects the studies of the student. Illegal drug usage by students is a thought provoking concern and should be dealt considerably by law enforcement officials in order to control the issue. The independent variables related to drug use in college students can be attachment, commitment and level of college involvement (Riley, 2012). Students studying in colleges form attachment with their close people and places such as parents, school and college mates. The independent variable of attachment has attributes such as level of affection, respect of the elders and deterrence to use drugs. Attachment with any person or place appears as a force stopping students to use illegal drugs (Riley, 2012). Commitment is another independent variable that has many attributes such as students’ reputation in the college, employment of students and religion that they follow. All these attributes affect the students in being committed to their set values due to which, they are restricted to the drug usage in colleges (Riley, 2012). By considering their commitments to various options available to students, they are hindered to make illegal drug usage that is beneficial for their career and health. The level of college involvement is an independent variable, which can be explained as being engaged in co-curricular activities such as games, club memberships, employment and fraternities and much more. These engagements hinder the college students to get indulged in drug usage considering